Lightweight Concrete Garden Boxes – Pt 3.5 Perlite, Portland & CSA Cement

Lightweight Concrete Perlite Portland CSA Garden Panels

In part three I experimented with some concrete mixes looking for a good alternative to gravel-based concrete that was light and durable. In that part I looked at three blends. As that was more than enough to cover in one video. The vermiculite blend was my favourite but, I also wanted to try perlite as an aggregate.

So that’s the focus of this video. And to also add some colour to the concrete.

Perlite

Perlite is a hard, highly porous material made by super-heating volcanic glass. Some viewers thought that perlite would be superior to vermiculite as perlite does not absorb as much water.

I’ll show the mixing, pouring, and unmolding, then look at the weight and durability results as compared to regular gravel-based concrete.

If you haven’t seen part 1 or part 2 of this series then you might get more from this video if you watch them first.

I’ll be using the forms I built in part 2 of the series.

Lightweight Concrete Ingredients

Lightweight Perlite Concrete Ingredients

This lightweight concrete blend is made from portland cement, perlite, and sand.

Glass Fiber for concrete

To some of the batches I’ll add a small amount of glass fibre for extra reinforcement.

You add about one pound of this fiber per cubic yard of concrete. So when I calculated how much I needed per batch it came down to a third of an ounce per 48 inch panel.

Lightweight Concrete Mix with Perlite- 1st Test

Perlite Concrete Formula

Here’s the proportions I used for the first attempt at perlite concrete: one part portland cement, two parts perlite, and one part sand. These proportions are by volume.

I didn’t realize how dusty the perlite would be so I was glad I was working outside. A mask would have been better. And I did wear one later on.

Mixing Perlite concrete in a wheelbarrow

I add the perlite and sand to my wheelbarrow first. And add a little water to wet the mix.

Adding portland cement

Once it’s well blended, I add the Portland cement. And continue to add water a little at a time.

When I saw that the mix ratio was looking good and the wet perlite concrete blended smoothly, I added half as much more of the ingredients, in the same proportions, to increase the batch size so I’d have enough to fill my 48 inch form.

Shovelling wet perlite concrete into a form

I add a few shovel fulls to the form and push the perlite mix around the pipes with a small trowel.

I used a reciprocating saw, without the blade, to vibrate the form and settle the concrete mix. Then I laid in a section of reinforcing wire mesh.

Vibrating form with a reciprocating saw

Add Reinforcement to the Lightweight Concrete Panel

This galvanized wire mesh is cut from a large hog panel fence I bought from my local farm supply store. I used small bolt cutters to cut a piece of this heavy 4 gauge panel to fit the form.

Hog panel wire grid adds tensile strength to concrete panel

Then I topped up the rest of this and vibrated it some more. I use a trowel to smooth the surface.

Little smoothing of the surface with a trowel

I liked the consistency of this first blend so, I decided to make another batch with the same proportions as the first. But this time I’d add some glass fibre for more reinforcement.

Glass fibre added to wet mix

Perlite is very light and it’s easy to mix in a wheelbarrow. And for these tests I like this method as I can really see how it’s blending. And how much water I need without over doing it.

Lightweight Concrete Perlite Portland CSA Garden Panels

This second batch went well. Like the first, half fill the form, vibrate the mix to settle it and bring bubbles to the surface, add the wire grid, then top up, settle, and finish with a trowel. And I’ll round off the sides when it sets up.

Edging tool rounds over sides

It was the end of the day so I covered the forms with plastic and left them to harden.

The next morning I set up to make two more batches. This time in the 36 inch forms.

Red cement color

This third batch used the same proportions as the first two but, for this one I’ll add some red colour. I add two ounces to the mix in the wheelbarrow. And I’ll add some glass fibre again.

Diluted red dye added to wet sand and perlite

I start as before, blending the perlite and sand. I then dilute the red colour in water and add it to the wheelbarrow. And wow, it was very red!

Wet red-dyed perlite concrete added to form

Then I add some fibre. And finally the portland cement. There were a few chunks of portland so I broke them up by hand. Now it’s a matter of slowly adding water for just the right consistency.

Wire grid laid in

You can see the sheen of the vegetable oil spray I use on the forms before filling them. Pam cooking spray works very well. I cover the wires that wrap around the pipes to keep the oil off them while spraying.

Finishing

And like before, I filled the forms half away, settled it a bit with the reciprocating saw, add the mesh, and then top it up. And smooth any bubbles with a trowel.

The red colour looked to be pretty uniform throughout the mix. I think the key is to add it to water first. And to add it early in the blending.

I was getting a pretty good feeling that the perlite blend would be a good lightweight alternative, similar to the vermiculite blend from Part 3 of the series.

So, for the 4th form I decided to change things up with the proportions AND the type of cement.

Lightweight Perlite CSA Concrete Ingredients

This blend then uses CSA cement, perlite, sand, and glass fibre. And I’ll add some black colour this time. I didn’t have pure CSA cement but a mix called Cement ALL. It already has some fine sand in the blend so I modified my proportions to accommodate for that.

The CSA based cement is stronger than portland so I figured I could use more perlite because of that. And with the Cement All having sand in it already, I reduced the amount of sand I would add to this blend. And hope that it would work.

Lightweight Concrete  – 4th Blend Test

Lightweight Perlite CSA Concrete Formula

I used one part Cement ALL, 3 parts perlite, half a part sand, a pinch of fibre, and two ounces of the liquid pigment.

What does CSA stand for?

With a greater ratio of perlite, I found this mix felt dryer and not as smooth and sticky like the previous three.

Pouring black dye in wheelbarrow

Cement ALL is fast setting so I worked quickly. Blending the sand and perlite with water first, then adding the Cement ALL and more water.

CSA Perlite wet concrete being vibrated to settle in form

It didn’t seem to settle as well with the recip saw so, I also tapped the form with a wooden mallet.

CSA concrete sets up fast. Must smooth quickly with a trowel

In about 45 minutes the CSA concrete was hardened, warm to the touch, and a white haze was forming as it was drying. I cured it for one hour by sprinkling it with water every 10 minutes or so.

Water curing CSA Perlite Concrete

The next day I removed the form sides, and ends, and these castings came out fairly easily. I first stripped the 48″ panels. Removing the screws and gently wiggling the sides, then rocking the ends. Then tipping the panel up and prying off the base with the help of a paint scraper.

Stripping 48″ panel

Both 48″ forms looked identical and time would tell if the addition of the glass fibre would make any difference.

Looks awesome!

Next, I stripped the 36″ red coloured panel. It too looked good and I didn’t see any issues. Right out of the form it kinda looks like red clay brick.

Stripping 36″ form

And finally ,I stripped the black dyed CSA concrete panel. It felt harder and that’s to be expected as it cures quicker than portland.

Deep red colour

36″ black dyed CSA perlite panel being stripped from form after solidifying

Ta DAA!!!

Submerging the Concrete Panels to cure

To help all the panels cure to their maximum strength, I completely submerged them in water in an old bathtub. After a few weeks I removed them to dry slowly in my shop before weighing.

Curing concrete in a water tank (bathtub)

Then I could test them for durability. As in Part 3 of this series I lined up panels on the lawn and ran an edge trimmer against them.

Durability test with Line Trimmer

The line trimmer didn’t damage the perlite concrete at all.

Weed Whacker durability test against concrete edging

Like the vermiculite, the perlite-based concrete mixed easily and was noticeably lighter. And this made it easy to fill the forms.

No damage!

It settled well with vibration and has a smooth texture while troweling and edging. It came out of the forms easily and has a nice smooth finish.

Summarizing tests and results

It passed the weed eater test so I think, all in all, perlite concrete in these proportions makes a good lightweight alternative for these garden panels.

The panels weighed, on average, 34 percent lighter than regular concrete. And this was a bit lighter than the similar vermiculite panels from part three.

Good surface finish

The CSA perlite panel was 45 percent lighter. Since CSA concrete is stronger than Portland I was able to use more perlite in the mix.

Perlite Concrete garden panels are 34% lighter

The drawback is the CSA cement is more expensive and sometimes harder to find. And, the portland ones appear to be strong enough, and light enough.

The colours worked well and blended evenly. I think I could have used less of the red as it came out deeper than I expected. The black looks pretty good though and I’d use that again. And maybe even more.

I’m happy with perlite and it makes a light, strong, and durable panel for these garden boxes. I wouldn’t hesitate putting them in my garden if weight was an issue for me.

In the next episode I’m going back to look at aircrete. I’ve worked on some new blends and got really good results. So that’s coming right up.

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